海浴疗法对在职疗养干部原发性高血压病的影响

目的探讨海浴疗法对军队在职干部原发性高血压病的降压疗效。方法对184例原发性高血压病在职疗养员,分别采用海浴体疗和传统休疗。分析、对比两组疗养前后血压、心率的参数变化。结果海浴体疗组血压、心率等参数与疗养前比较均有非常显著改善(P0.01);休养组疗养后血压呈明显改善(P0.05),其余参数变化不显著(P0.05);两组各参数疗养前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),疗养后比较差异有高度统计学意义(P0.01)。结论一定疗程的在职疗养可使高血压病患者的血压降低,疗养中采用海水浴体疗更有益于患者调整心率、改善心肌供血、提高心肺功能。     

对海参糖胺聚糖抗氧化性的研究

目的研究海参糖胺聚糖的抗氧化性。方法以K3[Fe（CN）6]为模型,测定海参糖胺聚糖的还原能力。利用邻苯三酚自氧化产生超氧阴离子自由基（·O^2-）且在320nm处有最大吸收,测定海参糖胺聚糖对羟自由基（·OH^-）和超氧阴离子自由基（·O^2-）的清除能力。结果海参糖胺聚糖有较强的还原力,对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力与浓度成量效关系,有良好的清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的作用。结论海参糖胺聚糖具有良好的抗氧化作用。     

南海驻礁人员胃肠道疾病患病率及干预效果分析

目的探讨南海驻礁人员干预前后胃肠道疾病患病率的变化,完善防治方案。方法在干预前后采用统一的现场一对一问卷调查,内容包括胃肠道疾病界定、患病情况及致病危险因素(含6类84项因素)。结果干预前,胃肠道疾病患病率67.4,其中确诊病例6.9,临床病例60.5;干预后,胃肠道疾病患病率25.2,其中确诊病例4.3,临床病例20.9。干预后患病率和临床病例下降显著(P<0.001)。致病危险因素,包括在南海工作时间、进食速度、是否进食规律,是否喜食生冷、刺激性食物,是否饮酒、喝浓茶,精神紧张及服用相关药物史等。结论共同的综合性干预措施和具体的针对性干预措施相结合,能显著降低南海驻礁人员胃肠道疾病患病率。     

Effects of a marine serine protease inhibitor on viability and morphology of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease

It has been reported that serine peptidase activities of Trypanosoma cruzi play crucial roles in parasite dissemination and host cell invasion and therefore their inhibition could affect the progress of Chagas disease. The present study investigates the interference of the Stichodactyla helianthus Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (ShPI-I), a 55-amino acid peptide, in T. cruzi serine peptidase activities, parasite viability, and parasite morphology. The effect of this peptide was also studied in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and it was proved to be a powerful inhibitor of serine proteases activities and the parasite viability. The ultrastructural alterations caused by ShPI-I included vesiculation of the flagellar pocket membrane and the appearance of a cytoplasmic vesicle that resembles an autophagic vacuole. ShPI-I, which showed itself to be an important T. cruzi serine peptidase inhibitor, reduced the parasite viability, in a dose and time dependent manner. The maximum effect of peptide on T. cruzi viability was observed when ShPI-I at 1 × 10⁻⁵ M was incubated for 24 and 48 h which killed completely both metacyclic trypomastigote and epimastigote forms. At 1 × 10⁻⁶ M ShPI-I, in the same periods of time, reduced parasite viability about 91–95% respectively. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated the formation of concentric membranar structures especially in the cytosol, involving organelles and small vesicles. Profiles of endoplasmic reticulum were also detected, surrounding cytosolic vesicles that resembled autophagic vacuoles. These results suggest that serine peptidases are important in T. cruzi physiology since the inhibition of their activity killed parasites in vitro as well as inducing important morphological alterations. Protease inhibitors thus appear to have a potential role as anti-trypanosomatidal agents.     

海战伤大鼠伤后早期体温及糖耐量变化特点研究

目的 通过观测海战伤大鼠伤后12h复温过程及糖耐量的变化规律,探讨海战伤对复温及血糖代谢的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠,30只,随机分为5组,每组6只.麻醉对照组（C组）腹膜切开缝合组（L组）、腹部开放伤45min组（L45组）、腹部开放合并林格氏液浸泡45min组（L＋R45组）及腹部,开放合并海水浸泡45min组（L＋S45组）,在伤后12h内不同时间点进行体温测量,伤后12h行腹腔注射糖耐量实验（IPGTT）,随后计算各组IPGTT血糖值曲线下面积（AUC）.结果 术前各组大鼠体温、糖耐量无明显差异.术后L＋S45组术后即刻体温最低,复温速度最慢,12h时AUC最高.结论 海战伤能够导致严重低体温以及糖代谢紊乱,可能是海战伤预后不良原因之一.早期封闭伤口、脱离低温高渗环境、改善血糖代谢可能提高海战伤救治效果.     

海上伤病员定位系统的研究

海上伤病员的医疗后送是海上卫勤保障的重要组成部分,而医疗后送工作的起点就是对伤病员的定位。总结了海上伤病员定位系统相关技术的发展状况,阐述了系统的组成结构,并在此基础上着重分析了其在单兵领域的应用。     

运用六自由度舰船模拟装置建立人体晕船模型可行性分析

目的 分析运用六自由度舰船模拟装置建立人体晕船模型的可行性,为防治晕船和抗晕船药物研究提供实验模型.方法 运用舰船模拟装置对60名受试对象进行加速度暴露,判断晕船发生情况.根据Graybiel运动病评分法判定晕船严重程度,结合既往运动病史,分析运用舰船模拟装置建立人体晕船模型的可行性.结果 共42人出现了晕船症状,晕船发生率70%,晕船严重程度分布与既往运动病严重程度分布大致相同,晕船发生情况与既往运动病史存在相关(C=0.41,P＜0.01).结论 经过舰船模拟装置对受试对象进行加速度暴露后,大部分人出现了晕船症状,成功地建立了人体晕船模型.     

The Incidence of Malignant Tumors in Environmentally Disadvantaged Regions of Kazakhstan

Objective: To explore the prevalence of malignant tumors in the adult population through 2003-2014 in parts of the Aral Sea region: a zone of ecological disaster, a zone of ecological crisis and a zone of precritical conditions. Methods: The long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity stratified by zones of the Aral Sea region and trends of long-time average annual incidence indicators of malignant tumors were identified. Leading cancer localizations in the adult population was established and associations between cancer incidence and environmental pollution were analyzed. In addition, associations between individual risk factors and cancer incidence in the adult population was established. Correlations between a hazard index and the cancer incidence in the adult population were calculated. Results: In all three Aral Sea regions, as well as in Zhanaarkinskii district, leading cancer in adult population was esophageal, stomach, tracheal, lung, hepatobiliary, and breast. Long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the Aral sea region is 1.5 times higher comparing to the control region. In particular, long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the zone of ecological disaster was 57.2% higher, in the zone of ecological crisis - 61.9% higher, and in the zone of precritical condition – 16.8% higher. Long-time average annual levels in the adult population of the Aral Sea region significantly exceeded control levels for brain and central nervous system cancer, cancer of bone and articular cartilage, and thyroid cancer. Conclusion: It has was established that the total cancer morbidity depended on the total hazard index associated with the inhalation of nickel and the combined cadmium intake (r=0.8).     

Features of Malignancy Prevalence among Children in the Aral Sea Region

Objective: A study of primary cancer morbidity among children and subsequent calculation of average annual incidence were carried out for boys and girls, and young men and women in Kazakhstan. Methods: The investigated population lived in three areas of the Aral Sea region: designated catastrophe (Aral, Kazalt, Shalkar regions), crisis (Zhalagash, Karmakshy, Shiely regions), pre-crisis (Irgiz, Arys, Ulytau regions). Zhanaarka region of Karaganda oblast was applied as a control. Parameters were retrospective analyzed for the 10 years from 2004 to 2013. Result: The results indicate that indices of children cancer morbidity were slightly higher in the Aral Sea region than in the control district, but they were comparable with similar data from studies in other regions. In all areas of the Aral Sea region, except for Ulytau, primary cancer morbidity exceeded the control level by 1.3-2.7 times (4.7%000). Hematological malignancies, including solid tumors - tumors of musculoskeletal system and skin, digestive system, brain and central nervous system predominated. Stress levels in zones of the Aral Sea region were slightly higher in the crisis zone than in the catastrophe zone that can be explained by the phenomenon of wave-like dynamics of disease growth risk. Gender differences in characteristics of malignancy formation were not more pronounced in the studied region. Conclusion: Indices of children cancer are slightly higher in the Aral Sea region than in the control area of Kazakhstan, but they are comparable to results for other regions.